{"id":24870,"date":"2024-02-06T17:26:18","date_gmt":"2024-02-06T17:26:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/corswiss.ch\/?p=24870"},"modified":"2024-02-13T19:57:53","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T19:57:53","slug":"brain-tumor-in-children-possibility-of-treatment-in-switzerland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/corswiss.ch\/en\/brain-tumor-in-children-possibility-of-treatment-in-switzerland\/","title":{"rendered":"Brain Tumors in Children: Treatment Options in Switzerland"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brain tumors in children are a serious condition that requires comprehensive and high-quality treatment. Switzerland has gained a reputation in the European community for its advanced diagnostic and treatment methods for this disease.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tumors of the brain and spinal cord - tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) - are the most common type of tumor in children and account for about 20% of all cancers in patients under 15 years of age.\n\nThere are many different types of brain tumors. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). For all children, among whom we <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/corswiss.ch\/en\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CorSwiss<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> recommend a clinic for the treatment of various types of CNS tumors, our goal remains the same - to choose the best doctors and a clinic that maximizes the speed of treatment, as well as the quality of life of the child.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is where your child receives primary treatment that it is important to ensure a good outcome. Complete elimination of the tumor without secondary neurological effects is crucial to increasing the chances of your child's full recovery.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Symptoms<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Different areas of the brain are responsible for different functions of the body, such as movement, vision, speech, and many others. Since the space inside the skull is limited, signs and symptoms of a brain tumor usually develop when the tumor grows and destroys or presses on healthy brain tissue.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Symptoms of a brain tumor in children vary greatly depending on the location of the tumor and its size.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brain tumors often cause headaches, seizures, and changes in behavior as they block the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid, causing increased pressure inside the skull.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brain tumors can cause seizures.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tumors that occur in the brainstem often cause weakness in the head and neck.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keep in mind that the symptoms of a brain tumor often resemble those caused by other diseases. If your child experiences these symptoms and is having trouble, talk to your doctor.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Diagnosis of brain tumors in children<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clinics recommended by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/corswiss.ch\/en\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CorSwiss<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">experts diagnose tumors and treat children and adolescents with any type of brain tumor. Innovative treatment methods are selected for each patient, taking into account the individual characteristics of the child and the disease.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Getting the right diagnosis is the most important first step in ensuring your child receives the most appropriate treatment.\n\nAfter a child has clinical symptoms that may be caused by a brain tumor, such as CT or MRI, are performed in Swiss clinics.\nThis data helps diagnostic doctors determine the location of the tumor, its type, and plan either its removal or a biopsy.\nClinics also perform DNA methylation - a diagnostic tool that significantly increases the accuracy of diagnostics compared to standard methods.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before starting treatment, doctors conduct a thorough examination, taking into account the child's individual characteristics, the stage of the disease, and other factors that may affect the outcome of treatment.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Types of tumors<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tumors that form in the tissues and cells of a child's brain are called primary brain tumors. In some cases, a tumor that enters other parts of the body and blood can affect the brain, but this is not common in children.The following is a list of some of the types of primary brain tumors found in children<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Astrocytomas (gliomas)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comprising nearly half of all brain tumors in childhood, astrocytomas arise from brain cells resembling astrocytes, star-shaped CNS cells. Historically, astrocytomas were categorized into the following types:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;Low-grade astrocytomas, including Grade 1 (juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas) and Grade 2 (diffuse astrocytomas);<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High-grade astrocytomas encompass Grade 3 astrocytomas (anaplastic astrocytomas) and Grade 4 astrocytomas (glioblastomas).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, in recent times, the traditional classification has evolved due to molecular-genetic markers, significantly enhancing diagnosis, prognosis determination, and treatment.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPG) are highly malignant astrocytomas arising in a very delicate part of the brain. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surgical intervention is often contraindicated, and patients are typically treated solely with radiation therapy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Ependymomas<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ependymomas develop from ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles (a series of cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid). Children with ependymomas that cannot be fully removed surgically often undergo chemotherapy. Although there is no treatment specific to ependymomas, radiation therapy is an extremely important part of the standard treatment plan.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Medulloblastomas and Other Embryonal Brain Tumors (formerly known as PNET)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Approximately 20% of childhood brain tumors are medulloblastomas and other embryonal tumors, believed by doctors to arise from undifferentiated stem cells in the brain. They are highly malignant, but with appropriate treatment, many children can be cured. Medulloblastomas usually present with headaches and vomiting. Sometimes a child's behavior changes and their school performance worsens. Diagnosis is made through CT or MRI and confirmed by pathological examination after surgical tumor removal. Treatment usually involves surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Germ Cell Tumors<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germ cell tumors, as the name implies, arise from germ cells that during normal embryo development form either in egg cells or sperm. Regarding germ cell tumors located in the brain, embryonal germ cells travel to the brain with blood, where they transform into tumors. Most commonly found in children, germ cell tumors include several different types of tumors (germinomas, endodermal sinus tumors, and choriocarcinomas). Their symptoms depend on the location, but tumors in the pineal region usually present with headaches and vomiting, especially in the morning. Tumors in the area of the pituitary gland usually come with hormonal disturbances, especially increased urination and thirst. Sometimes a child may show behavioral changes and a decline in school performance. Most of them are malignant tumors, but they are often curable with modern treatment methods, which may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma or DIPG is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor that grows in the brainstem, the area connecting the brain to the spine. DIPG is usually diagnosed between the ages of five and seven and is one of the most aggressive CNS tumors.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to its fast-growing nature, symptoms manifest very quickly and often worsen. DIPG usually causes vision and balance problems in children.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For all types of cancer, doctors use the body's natural immune system and direct it towards cancer cells: they fight the malignant disease just as the body fights a virus.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> As for neuroblastoma immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies developed in the laboratory identify and destroy cancer cells that have survived chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Thanks to advancements in treatment, over 50% of children treated in clinics overcome neuroblastoma compared to less than 5% in the 1980s.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Rare Tumors<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Occasionally, pathologists diagnose specific types of central nervous system tumors that are rarely encountered. Working with clinics worldwide, our team of doctors offers clinics where rare cases are treated. Examples of these tumors include atypical teratoid\/rhabdoid tumor (AT\/RT), choroid plexus carcinoma, embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes, and craniopharyngioma.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Genetic Testing<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Swiss clinics offer patients the most advanced genetic tests. These tests can identify genetic mutations and other changes that may cause cancer. They can provide a lot of information crucial for diagnosis, prognosis, and choosing the right treatment.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Methods of treating brain tumors in children in Switzerland<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clinics recommended by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/corswiss.ch\/en\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CorSwiss<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp; offer treatment for every type of brain and spinal cord tumor. An expert team will work with the clinic's doctors and your family to create a personalized treatment plan. The clinic for treating your child brings together neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists, radiation oncologists, and neuroradiologists.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This team of medical professionals works together to achieve the best outcome for your child, doing everything possible to give your child the best chances of recovery and a high quality of life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A child's recovery depends on several factors. They include the type and location of the tumor and whether the tumor has spread to other parts of the body (metastasized) <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/corswiss.ch\/en\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CorSwiss<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp; experts work with you every step of the way to provide you with information and support during and after treatment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We understand that you may have questions and concerns about your child's treatment plan. Our specialists are available around the clock, seven days a week, to answer your questions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Surgery<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best outcomes for treating children with brain and spinal cord tumors depend on the right treatment strategy. Our goal is to select the most effective treatment with minimal risk. Recommended pediatric neurosurgeons are among the most experienced in this field. They are renowned specialists who use the most advanced techniques for treating brain and spinal cord tumors in children.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Radiation Therapy<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The goal of radiation therapy is to safely reduce or eliminate growths, including those that cannot be removed surgically. There are many types of radiation therapy and surgery. The treatment methods that are most suitable for your child depend on the type of cancer, the location of the tumor, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body. For children who may benefit from radiation therapy, we treat them with great care to protect as much healthy tissue as possible. New methods and a high level of knowledge allow our pediatric radiation oncologists to treat brain and spinal cord tumors more effectively. This way, we can eliminate the tumor with minimal damage to healthy cells and the least risk of side effects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let's consider the most common types of radiation therapy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Stereotactic Radiosurgery<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This specialized form of treatment delivers a high dose of radiation. It usually takes one to five sessions instead of several smaller doses over a long period on a regular machine.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using computer programs, we can calculate and deliver different doses of radiation directly to the tumor from different angles at higher, more effective doses. IMRT reduces side effects and minimizes the impact on surrounding healthy tissues and organs.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">this intensive treatment is performed during surgery. The device delivers direct radiation to tumors while preserving surrounding healthy tissues. IORT can treat tumors that are difficult to completely remove during surgery. This allows the use of higher, more effective doses of radiation compared to conventional radiation therapy. During IORT, the surgeon can temporarily move adjacent organs to protect them from radiation exposure. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These types of radiation therapy are available thanks to the innovative Varian system (USA) installed in advanced oncology centers. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proton Therapy: This form of radiation therapy has emerged recently. A narrow beam destroys tumors by delivering charged particles, protons, directly to cancer cells. The pinpoint nature of proton therapy minimizes radiation exposure to nearby healthy tissue. It also reduces the risk of side effects.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Chemotherapy<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chemotherapy is the use of medications to destroy, stop, or slow the spread of cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be effective for certain types of brain and spinal cord tumors. There are many chemotherapy drugs. If our doctors recommend chemotherapy for your child, we develop a personalized treatment plan that gives the best chances of successful treatment.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Molecular Tumor Analysis<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to performing traditional biopsies, we recommend studying the genetic mutations of the tumor and its molecular composition. These tests can provide information to refine the child's treatment plan. We offer the most advanced genetic tests.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Assessment of Treatment Effectiveness and Rehabilitation in Swiss Clinics<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the features of treating brain tumors in children in Switzerland is a multifaceted approach to each patient. Doctors develop individual treatment programs, taking into account both the biological characteristics of the tumor and the psychological state and needs of the child and their family.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We involve experts in all aspects of child development: academic, emotional, and social. Brain tumors, radiation therapy, chemo- and hormonal therapy can lead to cognitive impairments. Our pediatric neuropsychology specialists regularly conduct neurocognitive assessments to notice any changes in your child's attention, memory, or other aspects of thinking. We can identify the most likely causes and provide recommendations to help your child. We can discuss any support your child may need in school due to these changes. In some cases, medications can help reduce some aspects of cognitive difficulties.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The treatment of brain tumors in children requires highly qualified medical professionals, modern equipment, and innovative techniques. Switzerland offers world-class medical care in this area, providing children with brain tumors access to advanced diagnostic and treatment methods, as well as a comprehensive approach to rehabilitation and support.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The treatment of brain tumors in children in Switzerland is not only aimed at fighting the disease but also at ensuring the maximum quality of life for the patient after treatment.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433\u0430 \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 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