Creatinine
is a chemical compound primarily used to assess kidney function. The level of creatinine is measured in blood tests. Patients receiving treatment in Switzerland are required to undergo this analysis. Before evaluating creatinine levels, patients must prepare appropriately. Elevated creatinine levels can indicate improper kidney function and a decrease in muscle mass.
The determination of creatinine levels is one of the key diagnostic tests. It not only detects kidney dysfunction but is also required before medical imaging with contrast agents. Learn more about creatinine analysis and the reasons for abnormal values.
Creatinine is an important parameter for kidney function. For this reason, a doctor determines the value of creatinine if kidney dysfunction is suspected or being checked. This can be caused by acute or chronic kidney disease. Kidney cell damage by toxins or the destruction of red blood cells or muscle cells can also impair kidney function. Other reasons for measuring creatinine include:
A doctor determines creatinine in the blood (serum or plasma) using an enzyme-based measurement method. They can also measure creatinine levels in urine (24-hour urine collection).
The material used to determine creatinine is blood, most often drawn from the elbow vein. The creatinine test requires minimal preparation from the patient to ensure the most reliable results. This chemical compound undergoes specific changes in the body, so the examination should be done in the morning, preferably between 7:00 and 10:00. The creatinine test is performed on an empty stomach. The patient should refrain from eating after 6:00 PM the night before. There are no contraindications to the creatinine analysis.
Elevated creatinine levels indicate kidney function impairment. Results above the normal range can indicate acute kidney failure (when the disturbances are acute and temporary) or chronic kidney failure (when the disturbances are persistent and usually progressive). High creatinine can be the result of medication-induced kidney damage, poisoning with organic or inorganic compounds, extensive injuries, and dehydration. A diet high in protein or the use of creatine supplements can also lead to elevated creatinine levels. Slightly higher levels are found in individuals of African descent.
Low creatinine levels are observed in cases of muscle loss (muscle atrophy). Values below the normal range can be seen in individuals with liver diseases, people who are debilitated, have low skeletal muscle mass (e.g., after limb amputations), and those undergoing glucocorticoid therapy. Creatinine reduction is also observed in pregnant women and the elderly.